What this list counts
Encounter groups, not an invented census of every supernatural body.
Journey to the West contains demon kings, animal cultivators, corpse spirits, dragon relatives, celestial fugitives, escaped mounts, false Buddhas, disciples once condemned as monsters, and crowds of unnamed underlings. Any total changes as soon as the counting rule changes.
The 25 entries below follow major hostile encounter groups from chapters 16 through 95. A pair or trio acting in one continuous ordeal stays together. Zhu Bajie, Sha Wujing, and the White Dragon Horse are excluded after joining the pilgrimage; mortal villains and every minor cave guard are outside this page’s scope.
The pilgrimage bestiary
25 major demon and monster encounters, in chapter order.
Chapters 16–17
Black Bear Spirit · Black Wind King
Origin & ordealA self-cultivated black bear who steals the brocade cassock during the Guanyin Monastery fire.
FateGuanyin subdues him and takes him to guard the rear of Mount Potalaka.
Chapters 20–21
Yellow Wind Great King
Origin & ordealA yellow-furred marten spirit whose Samadhi Wind blinds Wukong and scatters his rescuers.
FateLingji Bodhisattva subdues him with the Flying Dragon staff.
Chapters 27
Lady White Bone · White Bone Spirit
Origin & ordealA corpse spirit who takes three human disguises and attacks the pilgrims’ trust rather than their weapons.
FateWukong exposes and kills her on the third attempt, revealing the skeleton beneath.
Chapters 28–31
Yellow Robe Demon
Origin & ordealThe celestial star Kui Mulang, living below for thirteen mortal years with Princess Baihuaxiu of Baoxiang.
FateThe other lunar mansions return him to heaven, where the Jade Emperor demotes him to furnace duty.
Chapters 32–35
Gold Horn and Silver Horn
Origin & ordealLaozi’s gold- and silver-furnace attendants, armed with five stolen treasures on Flat-Top Mountain.
FateLaozi reclaims the objects and restores the captured spirits to their boy attendants’ forms.
Chapters 36–39
Lion of the Kingdom of Wuji
Origin & ordealManjusri’s blue-maned lion, who throws the king into a well and rules in his likeness for three years.
FateManjusri reclaims the lion; Laozi’s elixir restores the true king.
Chapters 40–42
Red Boy · Holy Infant Great King
Origin & ordealThe son of Bull Demon King and Princess Iron Fan, whose True Fire of Samadhi defeats Wukong.
FateGuanyin traps and converts him, giving him the role of Sudhana.
Chapters 43
Crocodile Dragon of the Black River
Origin & ordealA nephew of the West Sea Dragon King who occupies the river palace and plans a feast on Tripitaka.
FateCrown Prince Mo’ang captures him for judgment by the dragon court.
Chapters 44–46
Tiger, Deer, and Goat Immortals
Origin & ordealThree animal spirits whose ritual power dominates Cart-Slow Kingdom and persecutes its Buddhist monks.
FateEach dies during the contests with the pilgrims and reverts to animal form.
Chapters 47–49
Great King of Numinous Power
Origin & ordealGuanyin’s goldfish, cultivated by listening to scripture before demanding child sacrifices at the River of Heaven.
FateGuanyin catches him in a purple-bamboo basket and carries him home.
Chapters 50–52
Single-Horned Rhinoceros King · Green Bull
Origin & ordealLaozi’s green bull, carrying the Diamond Snare that can seize almost every divine weapon.
FateLaozi identifies, subdues, and rides his mount back to heaven.
Chapters 55
Scorpion Demoness
Origin & ordealA scorpion whose poisonous sting once hurt the Buddha; she later abducts Tripitaka as a desired partner.
FateThe Dawnstar rooster’s cry overcomes and kills her.
Chapters 56–58
Six-Eared Macaque
Origin & ordealA perfect Wukong double whom Guanyin, the demon-revealing mirror, and even Dizang’s beast do not publicly distinguish.
FateThe Buddha identifies him; Wukong kills him immediately.
Chapters 59–61
Princess Iron Fan and Bull Demon King
Origin & ordealWukong’s former sworn brother and family refuse the palm-leaf fan after Red Boy’s capture.
FateCelestial and Buddhist forces subdue Bull Demon King; the true fan extinguishes Flaming Mountain.
Chapters 62–63
Nine-Headed Beast
Origin & ordealThe dragon princess’s consort, complicit in stealing the pagoda relic of Jisai Kingdom.
FateErlang’s hound tears off one head; the wounded creature escapes north rather than being reclaimed.
Chapters 65–66
Yellow Brows Great King
Origin & ordealMaitreya’s cymbal attendant, using stolen cymbals and a human-seed sack to stage a false Thunderclap Monastery.
FateMaitreya poses as a melon farmer, traps him, and retrieves both boy and treasures.
Chapters 68–71
Great King Sai Tai Sui · Golden-Haired Hou
Origin & ordealGuanyin’s mount, armed with stolen purple-gold bells and holding the queen of Zhuzi.
FateGuanyin reveals and reclaims both mount and bells.
Chapters 72–73
Seven Spider Spirits and the Hundred-Eyed Lord
Origin & ordealSeven spiders and their centipede senior use webs and thousand-eyed golden light against the pilgrims.
FateWukong kills the spiders; Pilanpo breaks the light and takes the centipede into service.
Chapters 74–77
Lion-Camel Ridge: Lion, Elephant, and Roc
Origin & ordealA three-king regime: Manjusri’s lion, Samantabhadra’s elephant, and the golden-winged roc.
FateThe mounts return to their masters; the Buddha personally subdues the roc.
Chapters 78–79
White Deer and White-Faced Fox of Bhiksu Kingdom
Origin & ordealThe South Pole Star’s deer prescribes children’s hearts while a fox spirit controls the court.
FateThe star reclaims his deer; the pilgrims kill the fox and save the children.
Chapters 80–83
Golden-Nosed White Mouse Spirit
Origin & ordealOnce spared after stealing offerings at Vulture Peak and treated as kin by Li Jing and Nezha, she later abducts monks.
FateWukong traces her tablets to heaven; Li Jing and Nezha descend to arrest her.
Chapters 85–86
King of the Southern Hill · Leopard Spirit
Origin & ordealA leopard spirit of Hidden-Mist Mountain who uses a staged corpse and separation trick against the pilgrims.
FateThe deception fails; Wukong and Bajie break the cave and kill him.
Chapters 88–90
Yellow Lion and Nine-Spirited Sage
Origin & ordealYellow Lion steals the pilgrims’ weapons; his nine-headed ancestor is the mount of the Taiyi Savior.
FateYellow Lion dies; the celestial master calls the nine-headed lion to heel and rides him home.
Chapters 91–92
Three Rhinoceros Kings
Origin & ordealThree rhinos pose as Buddhas to consume lamp oil and fight with cold, heat, and dust powers.
FateFour wood-aligned celestial beasts exploit the natural counter and capture them in true form.
Chapters 93–95
Jade Rabbit Spirit
Origin & ordealThe Moon Goddess’s medicine-pounding rabbit, impersonating an Indian princess to force a marriage with Tripitaka.
FateThe lunar deity identifies and returns her to the moon; the true princess is restored.
What the list reveals
The road is dangerous because heaven and earth are connected—not because every stranger is born evil.
Celestial ownership is not innocence
Furnace boys, mounts, a goldfish, a rabbit, and a star official all cause real mortal harm. Their reclamation exposes responsibility inside the institutions that classify others as monsters.
Not every yaoguai has a patron
White Bone Spirit, the three animal immortals, spiders, the leopard, and others are killed rather than reclaimed. “Every monster is somebody’s pet” is a memorable joke, not the novel’s rule.
A fate can be death, return, conversion, or escape
Some die, some return to celestial service, Red Boy is converted, and Nine-Headed Beast escapes. The variety matters more than a power-ranking chart.
Frequently asked questions
How many demons are in Journey to the West?
There is no context-free canonical number. Counting named hostile kings, every underling, every character ever called yao, celestial mounts, dragon kin, ghosts, or transformed animals produces different totals. This page tracks 25 major pilgrimage encounters, not every supernatural being in the novel.
Why are so many monsters pets or attendants of gods?
It is a repeated structure, not the origin of every yaoguai. The pattern ties mortal suffering to failures inside celestial institutions: escaped mounts, attendants, weapons, and relationships become disasters below.
Is the White Bone Spirit a god’s pet?
No. Chapter 27 calls her a corpse demon, and no deity arrives to reclaim her after Wukong reveals the skeleton. She is an important counterexample to the claim that every monster has a heavenly owner.
Is Sun Wukong a demon in Journey to the West?
Heaven calls him a demon monkey, and he once boasts of being the most famous yao of all time. He is also pilgrim, Great Sage, protector, and finally Buddha. His changing titles show why yaoguai is not a permanent biological species.
Does this list include the movie Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons?
No. The boundary is the one-hundred-chapter Ming novel. New characters and plots from modern films, television, animation, and games belong to their adaptations.
Primary-text boundary
Chapter titles first; adaptations kept outside the evidence.
Names vary across English translations. This guide keeps recognizable English forms beside Chinese identities and checks encounter ranges against the public one-hundred-chapter text.
- 《西游记》一百回目录与全文 · Chinese Wikisource
- Chapter 17 · Guanyin subdues the Bear Spirit
- Chapter 35 · Laozi identifies Gold and Silver Horn
- Chapter 49 · Guanyin identifies the goldfish
- Chapter 79 · The South Pole Star reclaims the white deer
Published and chapter-checked: July 2026.
From the classic to YaoBound
The adaptation begins after the source boundary is visible.
YaoBound is set three centuries after the pilgrimage and does not retell these 25 ordeals as if nothing changed. It asks what becomes of the roads, institutions, descendants, and spirits left behind when scripture returns but heaven falls silent.